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In any heat treating cycle, what are the main considerations concerning temperature?
In any heat treating cycle, there are two important considerations concerning temperature: the temperature of the furnace hot zone which is generating the heat input, and the temperature of the actual workload.
Heating by direct radiation, the main heating mechanism in vacuum, tends to be a slower process than other heating mechanisms such as convection or conduction. As a result, there are times in the heat treating cycle, particularly during heat up, when the load will be at a lower temperature than the furnace hot zone. This is known as temperature lag. Hot zone temperature is controlled and measured through two (or more) thermocouples located close to the heating elements. One thermocouple, the control thermocouple, is connected to the thermal process controller which transmits signals to control the amount of power directed to the furnace elements.
READ MORE: https://vacaero.com/information-resources/vac-aero-training/694-temperature-measurement-in-vacuum-furnaces.html