A rotary vane vacuum pump operates by trapping air and other gases within a chamber, then compressing and expelling them to create a vacuum. Here’s a breakdown of the process:

1. Chamber and Rotor Design: The pump consists of a cylindrical chamber with an off-center rotor inside. The rotor has several vanes (typically two or more) that slide in and out of slots along its edges.
2. Rotating Motion: When the rotor spins, centrifugal force pushes the vanes outward so that they contact the chamber wall, creating small, isolated compartments of air between each vane.
3. Trapping the Air: As the rotor turns, air enters the chamber through an intake port and gets trapped between two adjacent vanes. The rotor’s rotation compresses this trapped air as it moves it toward the exhaust port.
4. Compression and Exhaust: The compartment carrying the air gradually shrinks as it nears the exhaust port. This shrinking action compresses the air, which is then expelled through the exhaust port, creating the vacuum.
5. Oil Lubrication: Rotary vane pumps are typically lubricated with oil to reduce friction, cool the components, and form a tight seal between the vanes and the chamber walls, improving the pump’s efficiency.
6. Continuous Process: The vanes continuously spin, trapping, compressing, and expelling air, which allows the pump to create a stable, consistent vacuum.

Rotary vane pumps are often used in applications where moderate vacuum levels are required and can be ideal in industrial settings, including vacuum furnaces, due to their reliability and efficiency.